» The Spirit of Crazy Horse

12.18.1990 (60 min)

One hundred years after the massacre at Wounded Knee, Milo Yellow Hair recounts the story of his people-from the lost battles for their land against the invading whites-to the bitter internal divisions and radicalization of the 1970's-to the present-day revival of Sioux cultural pride, which has become a unifying force as the Sioux try to define themselves and their future.

Producers: Michel DuBois, Kevin McKiernan

» The Struggle for South Africa

12.11.1990 (90 min)

As fear and violence mount, Nelson Mandela and FW de Klerk struggle to control the tumultuous course of change in South Africa. Correspondent David Dimbleby examines the lineup of forces on each side-Afrikaners and blacks-and the divisions within each group that could disrupt negotiations for a new South Africa.

Producer: David Harrison

» High Crimes and Misdemeanors

11.27.1990 (60 min)

Four years after the Iran-contra scandal broke, correspondent Bill Moyers examines-for the first time on television-the full record of this story, documenting the scale of White House deceit and analyzing the failures of our other democratic institutions: the Congress, the press, and the law.

Producer: Sherry Jones

» Springfield Goes to War

11.20.1990 (60 min)

As the threat of war in the Gulf grows, a middle-sized American city grapples with the reason hundreds of thousands of US troops are being sent to Saudi Arabia. As one of the country's embarkation points for US troops and equipment, Springfield, Massachusetts has a special connection to the deployment. A student, a protester, a soldier, and a family join correspondent Bill Moyers and others in a special town meeting to discuss their hopes and fears.

Producers: Michael Kirk, Martin Smith

» Betting on the Lottery

11.06.1990 (60 min)

Lottery fever is spreading. Twenty-nine states now raise $20 billion a year in revenues. Frontline correspondent James Reston, Jr., goes behind the scenes of state lotteries to look at the promoters selling them, the people buying the tickets, and to ask the question, 'Who really wins and who loses?'

Producer: Marian Marzynski

» Broken Minds

10.30.1990 (60 min)

Three million Americans are thought to be schizophrenic. As medical science searches to find its cause, society struggles to understand a crippling disease that has shattered families and left tens of thousands on the nation's streets.

Producer: DeWitt Sage

» The Hunt for Howard Marks

10.23.1990 (60 min)

For 20 years, one man - Oxford-educated Dennis Howard Marks - was responsible for running an international drug market that shipped marijuana into the US by the ton. Frontline tells the story of the man who believed that he was too smart to be caught-and the DEA agent who was determined to prove him wrong.

Producer: Christopher Olgiati

» When Cops Go Bad

10.16.1990 (60 min)

The corrupting influence of drug money is now listed as the number one threat to the integrity of police forces. Frontline investigates this crisis in three communities in Florida, California, and New Jersey.

Producers: Charles Stuart, Marcia Vivancos

» Global Dumping Ground: Frontline Special

10.02.1990 (60 min)

Correspondent Bill Moyers investigates America's shadowy new industry-the international export of toxic waste-revealing how shipping deadly wastes to third-world countries has become an enormous business in the US.

Producer: Lowell Bergman

» Decade of Destruction Part 4: Chico Mendes

09.21.1990 (60 min)

The series concludes with the story of Chico Mendes, a rubber tapper whose murder in 1988 brought worldwide attention to the problem of Amazonian deforestation. Mendes had become a symbol of the struggle between the rubber tappers and landowners. After surviving attempts on his life, Mendes was finally murdered by gunmen allegedly from a neighboring cattle ranch.

Producers: Adrian Cowell, Michael Kirk

» Decade of Destruction Part 3: Mts. of Gold

09.20.1990 (60 min)

Part III follows the gold rush of 200,000 illegal propectors who swarm over private gold reserves in the rain forest. As securtiy forces track the prospectors, the government fights to protect the world's largest untapped gold reserves.

Producers: Adrian Cowell, Michael Kirk

» Decade of Destruction Part 2: Killing for Land

09.19.1990 (60 min)

Part II follows the land wars which broke out as millions of poor farmers migrated to massive ranches in the Brazilian rain forest. As squatters, they begin to work the land until absentee landlords hire gunmen to kill these peasants. The peasants take up arms themselves, and the result is a lawless gun battle.

Producers: Adrian Cowell, Michael Kirk

» Decade of Destruction Part 1: Ashes of Forest

09.18.1990 (120 min)

Adrian Cowell's epic, ten-year-long series begins with a tale reminiscent of the American Wild West. A Brazilian settler brings his family to live deep in the Amazon, in Indian territory. Two of his sons are murdered and another is kidnapped by a renegade Indian tribe. For four years, a government expedition searches for the Indians and the child. Meanwhile, the colonists' expansion continues to encroach on the Indians' land. The series follows landless peasants as they are lured to the forest with promises of free land and big harvests. As the forest is slashed and burned, the crisis is taken to the US Congress, where under pressure, the World Bank finally changes its policies toward Brazilian development.

Producers: Adrian Cowell, Michael Kirk

» The Arming of Iraq: Frontline Special

09.11.1990 (60 min)

Frontline examines how Saddam Hussein built Iraq's massive arsenal of tanks, planes, missiles, and chemical weapons during the 1980's. Correspondent Hodding Carter invetigates the complicity of the US, European governments, and Western corporations in creating the Iraqi military machine the world is now trying to stop.

Producers: Michael Sullivan, Jim Gilmore, Charles Furneaux

» Teacher, Teacher

06.12.1990 (60 min)

Frontline explores the hopes and frustrations of public school teachers in one midwestern town as they face the threat of funding cutbacks, the criticism of parents, and a growing number of troubled children from troubled homes.

Producer: Robert Thurber

» Inside the Cartel

05.22.1990 (60 min)

How serious is Colombia's war on drugs? Frontline investigates the drug cartels in Medellin and Cali and demonstrates how they've become part of the country's political and economic life.

Producers: Andrew Cockburn, Leslie Cockburn

» Seven Days in Bensonhurst

05.15.1990 (60 min)

The 1989 murder of Yusef Hawkins by white youths in the Bensonhurst section of New York City set off a racial and political fire storm. On the eve of the first verdicts in the murder case, writer Shelby Steele returns to talk to the participants and tries to unravel the forces that propelled this racial crisis.

Producer: Thomas Lennon

» Plunder!

05.08.1990 (60 min)

Frontline correspondent Carl Nagin investigates the looting of pre-Columbian tombs in Latin America and the trafficking of stolen artifacts, exposing a trail that leads to auction houses, galleries, museums, and private collections in the United States.

Producers: Jim Gilmore, Chris Wenner

» Other People's Money

05.01.1990 (60 min)

The savings and loan scandal is the worst financial disaster since the Great Depression and will cost US taxpayers an estimated $315 billion. Frontline investigates Charles Keating, Jr., and the role politics played in the $2.5 billion failure of his Lincoln Savings and Loan.

Producer: Marion Goldin

» Hilary in Hiding

04.24.1990 (60 min)

In 1989, Dr. Elizabeth Morgan was freed from prison after serving the longest detention for civil contempt in American history-25 months. Dr. Morgan had refused a court order to reveal the whereabouts of her daughter, Hilary, who Morgan believed had been sexually assaulted by Hilary's father, Dr. Eric Foretich. In February 1990, Hilary was discovered living in New Zealand with her grandparents. Frontline explores both sides of the troubling case.

Producer: Stephen Lambert

» New Harvest, Old Shame

04.17.1990 (60 min)

Thirty years after Edward R. Murrow's 'Harvest of Shame,' Frontline correspondent David Marash looks at the continuing plight of migrant farm workers and explores the forces that keep their lives so desperate.

Producer: Hector Galan

» Born in Africa

04.03.1990 (90 min)

Philly Bongoley Lutaaya was a celebrated singer.musician from Uganda who died of AIDS in December 1989. But he died a national hero because he gave his nation new hope in battling the devastation of the disease. This Frontline.AIDS Quarterly special, narrated by Peter Jennings, chronicles Philly Lutaaya's remarkable last year of life as he travelled across Uganda in a crusade to help stop the spread of AIDS, even as the disease ravaged his body.

Producers: Virginia Storring, John Zaritsky

» Poland - The Morning After

03.27.1990 (60 min)

In the summer of 1989, Poland astonished the world by starting the revolution which has swept Eastern Europe. Solidarity, the once-banned independent trade union, took power in a coalition government ending 45 years of Communist repression. In this report, Frontline examines a society attempting something which has never been done-changing overnight from Communism to capitalism.

Producer: Ofra Bikel

» Anatomy of an Oil Spill

03.20.1990 (60 min)

In the black, early morning hours of Good Friday, 1989, the supertanker Exxon Valdez went aground on Bligh Reef, spilling millions of gallons of crude oil into Alaska's Prince William Sound. Frontline correspondent Jon Tuttle investigates the long history of complacency, negligence, and broken promises by government agencies and oil companies that led to this disaster.

Producer: Michael Mierendorf

» The Faces of Arafat

02.27.1990 (60 min)

In the wake of PLO chairman Yasir Arafat's historic declaration that he has rejected terrorism and now recognizes Israel's right to exist, correspondent Marie Colvin profiles the Palestinian leader, follows his peace initiatives, and examines his commitment to fulfill his new promises.

Producer: Anthony Geffen

» Throwaway People

02.13.1990 (60 min)

Correspondent Roger Wilkins investigates the economic and social roots of the black underclass, focusing on the struggle of young black men in one neighborhood in Washington, DC.

Producer: Sherry Jones

» Miss USSR

02.06.1990 (60 min)

Frontline goes behind the scenes at the Soviet Union's first national beauty pageant with an intimate, bitterweet examination of the status and struggles of women in the USSR.

Producer: Richard Denton

» The Noriega Connection

01.30.1990 (60 min)

In the wake of the US invasion of Panama, Frontline tracks the rise and fall of General Manuel Noriega and investigates the confusion and duplicity in the US government's long relationship with the fallen dictator.

Producers: Charles Stuart, Marcia Vivancos

» The Bombing of Pan Am 103

01.23.1990 (60 min)

Frontline profiles the efforts of the surviving families of the 270 people killed in the terrorist bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, in December 1988, to seek justice for their loved ones. The families' crusade focuses attention on issues of airline and airport security, on the lack of coordination between international police and intelligence services, and on whether the US government has the will and means to respond effectively against terrorists and the countries that support them.

Producers: William Cran, Stephanie Tepper