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Hildegard (1098-1179) was a Benedictine abbess who documented her
allegorical visions and apocalyptic prophecies in text and illuminations. Her
most famous work, written over the course of ten years (1141-51). is
Scivias (short for "Scito vias Domini," "know the ways of the Lord,").
In this excerpt, Hildegard describes her vision of the devil embodied as a
monstrous worm. After her description, she interprets some of the key
images. | | |
Then I saw a burning light, as large and as high as a mountain, divided at its
summit as if into many tongues. And there stood in the presence of this light
a multitude of white-clad people, before whom what seemed like a screen of
translucent crystal had been placed, reaching from their breasts to their
feet. And before that multitude, as if in a road, there lay on its back a
monster shaped like a worm, wondrously large and long, which aroused an
indescribable sense of horror and rage. On its left stood a kind of
market-place, which displayed human wealth and worldly delights and various
sorts of merchandise; and some people were running through it very fast and not
buying anything, while others were walking slowly and stopping both to sell
and to buy. Now that worm was black and bristly, covered with ulcers and
pustules, and it was divided into five regions from the head down through the
belly to its feet, like stripes. One was green, one white, one red, one yellow
and one black; and they were full of deadly poison. But its head had been so
crushed that the left side of its jawbone was dislocated. Its eyes were bloody
on the surface and burning within; its ears were round and bristly : its nose
and mouth were those of a viper, its hands human, its feet a viper's feet, and
its tail short and horrible. And around its neck a chain was riveted, which
also bound its hands and feet and this chain was firmly fastened to a rock in
the abyss, confining it so that it could not move about as its wicked will
desired. Many flames came forth from its mouth, dividing into four parts: One
part ascended to the clouds, another breathed forth among secular people,
another among spiritual people, and the last descended into the abyss. And the
flame that sought the clouds was opposing the people who wanted to get to
Heaven And I saw three groups of these. One was close to the clouds, one in the
middle space between the clouds and the earth, and one moved along near the
earth; and all were shouting repeatedly, "Let us get to Heaven!" But they were
whirled hither and thither by that flame; some did not waver, some barely kept
their balance and some fell to the earth but then rose again and started toward
Heaven. The flame that breathed forth among secular people burned some of them
so that they were hideously blackened and others it transfixed so that it
could move them anywhere it wanted. Some escaped from the flame and moved
toward those who sought Heaven, reiterating shouts of "O you faithful, give us
help!" But others remained transfixed . Meanwhile, the flame that breathed
forth among spiritual people concealed them in obscurity; but I saw them in six
categories. For some of them were cruelly injured by the flame's fury; but when
it could not injure one of them, it burningly breathed on them the deadly
poison that flowed from the worm's head to its feet, either green or white or
red or yellow or black. But the flame that sought the abyss contained in itself
diverse torments for those who had worshipped Satan in place of God, not washed
by the font of baptism or knowing the light of truth and faith. And I saw
sharp arrows whistling loudly from its mouth, and black smoke exhaling from its
breast, and a burning fluid boiling up from its loins, and a hot whirlwind
blowing from its navel, and the uncleanness of frogs issuing from its bowels;
all of which affected human beings with grave disquiet. And the hideous and
foul-smelling vapor that came out of it infected many people with its own
perversity. But behold, a great multitude of people came, shining brightly;
they forcefully trod the worm underfoot and severely tormented it, but could
not be injured by its flames or its poison. And I heard again the voice from
Heaven, saying to me:
1. God strengthens the faithful so that the Devil cannot conquer them
God, Who disposes all things justly and rightly, calls His faithful people to
the glory of the celestial inheritance; but the ancient deceiver lurks in
ambush and tries to hinder them by using all his wicked arts against them But
he is conquered by them and is confounded as his presumption deserves for they
possess the celestial country, and he suffers the horrors of Hell.
Therefore, you see a burning light, as large and as high as a mountain,
divided at its summit as if into many tongues. This is the justice of God.
which burns in the faith of believers, displaying the greatness of His power,
sanctity and glory, and wonderfully declaring in that glory the diverse gifts
of the Holy Spirit.
2. The multitude of the faithful and the divine law displayed before them
And there stand in the presence of this light a multitude of white-clad
people, a cohort of people in the presence of God's justice, shining with
faith and well and honorably constituted in good works. Before them what
seems like a screen of translucent crystal has been placed, reaching from
their breasts to their feet; for, from their decision to do good actions to
their completion they have before their eyes the strong and splendid sight of
the divine law. And thus they are so strengthened in these actions that no
cunning or deception of false persuasion can conquer them.
3. The deceptions of the Devil lie in the path humans take in this world
And before that multitude, as if in a road, there lies on its back a monster
shaped like a worm, wondrously large and long. This means that the ancient
serpent is well-known to humanity in the course of the pilgrimage of the good
and the bad through the world, not in that visible form but in its inner
meaning. Its mouth is gaping upward in order to pull down by deception those
who are tending toward the celestial regions; but it is lying down, because the
Son of God destroyed so much of its strength that it cannot stand up.
And it arouses an indescribable sense of horror and rage; for the mental
capacity of mortal humans is insufficient to understand the manifold variations
of its poisonous fury and malicious exertions.
4. The Devil offers fraudulent riches and delights, and some buy them
On its left stands a kind of marketplace, which displays human wealth and
worldly delights and various sorts of merchandise. For the left hand of the
destroyer signifies death, and there is seen a marketplace composed of Death's
evil works: pride and vainglory in corruptible riches, licentiousness and lust
for transitory pleasures, and trafficking in all kinds of earthly desires. Thus
those who would be terrified by the horror of the Devil if they met it openly
are deceived by these things; they are lightly offered persuasions to vice as a
merchant displays his diverse wares to people, and delighted by the display so
that they buy what is offered. So the Devil offers humanity his lying arts; and
those who desire them buy them. How? They throw away a good conscience as if
selling it, and they collect deadly wounds in their souls as if buying them.
5. The strong resist the Devil's offers, the apathetic consent to them
And some people are running through it very fast and not buying
anything; they know God, and so they carry the treasure of good will and
the sweet spices of virtue and eagerly accumulate more of them, and quickly
pass by the pleasures of the world and the filth of the Devil, obeying God's
commands and despising the sweetness of their flesh. But others are
walking slowly and stopping both to sell and to buy; they are slow to do
good works and apathetic heart and so they smother their own desire for Heaven
as if selling it, and nurture the pleasures of their flesh as if buying them.
Therefore, the former will receive the reward of good works, and the latter
will suffer the punishment of iniquity, as Ezekiel shows ... .
7. The Devil labors to deceive the five senses of humanity.
But you see that that worm is black and gristly, covered with ulcers and
pustules. This shows that the ancient serpent is full of the darkness of
black betrayal, and the bristles of concealed deception, and the ulcers of
impure pollution, and the pustules of repressed fury. And it is divided into
five sections from the head down through the belly to its feet, like
stripes; for from the time of his first deception when he tried to put
himself forward until the final time when his madness will end, he does not
cease to inspire the five human senses with the desire for vices. Simulating a
deceitful rectitude he draws people to the downward slopes of his unclean arts.
One is green, one white, one red, one yellow, and one black and they are full
of deadly poison. The green indicates worldly melancholy; the white,
improper irreverence; the red, deceptive glory; the yellow, biting envy; and
the black, shameful deceit, with all other perversities that bring death to the
souls of those who consent to them.
8. The Devil's pride was overthrown by the Incarnation
But its head has been so crushed that the left side of its jawbone is
dislocated. This means that his pride was so overthrown by the Son of God
that even the enmity of Death is already destroyed and cannot exert its
full strength of bitterness.
9. What the eyes and ears and nostrils of the serpent signify
Its eyes are bloody on the surface and burning within; because his
wicked intent outwardly inflicts harm on human bodies and inwardly drives a
fiery dart into their souls. Its ears are round and bristly; for the
bristles of his arts pierce a person all around, so that if he finds anything
that is his in that person, he may quickly throw him down. Its nose and
mouth are those of a viper; for he shows people unbridled and vile
behavior, through which transfixing them with many vices, he may cruelly slay
them.
10. Its hands and feet and tail and what they signify
Its hands are human, for he practices his arts in human deeds; its feet
a viper's feet, because he ceaselessly ambushes people when they are
journeying and inflicts devilish lacerations on them; and its tail short and
horrible, for it signifies his power in the short but most evil time of the
son of perdition, whose desire to run wild exceeds his power to do it.
11. The might of God has broken the Devil's strength to do what he wants
And around its neck a chain is riveted, which also binds its hands and
feet; which is to say that the strength of the Devil was so broken and
crushed by the power of Almighty God that he cannot freely work his evil and
accost humans in the way. And this chain is firmly fastened to a rock in the
abyss confining it so that it cannot move about as its wicked will
desires; for the power of God abides unfailingly and immovably for
eternity, and by saving souls oppresses the Devil so forcibly that he is not
able by inner or outer means to take away redemption from the faithful, or keep
them from that place of joy from which he perversely exiled himself.
From Hildegard of Bingen : Scivias trans. by Mother
Columba Hart and Jane Bishop
© 1990 by the Abbey of Regina Laudis:
Benedictine Congregation Regina Laudis of the Strict Observance, Inc.
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